/* Modified version of basicwin * Adrian Nye, Xlib Programming Manual for Version 11, Vol. 1, pp. 83-89 * O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1992 */ /* Compile with: gcc -g -L /usr/X11R6/lib -lX11 -o basicwin basicwin.c */ #include #include #include #include #include #include "bitmaps/icon_bitmap" /* Function prototypes */ getGC(Window win, GC *gc, XFontStruct *font_info); load_font(XFontStruct ** font_info); place_text( Window win, GC gc, XFontStruct *font_info, unsigned int win_width, unsigned int win_height); place_graphics( Window win, GC gc, unsigned int window_width, unsigned int window_height); TooSmall( Window win, GC gc, XFontStruct *font_info); #define TOO_SMALL 0 #define BIG_ENOUGH 1 /* These are used as arguments to nearly every Xlib routine, so it * saves routine arguments to declare them global; if there were * additional source files, they would be declared extern there. */ Display *display; int screen_num; /* progname is the string by which this program was invoked; this * is global because it is needed in most application functions. */ static char *progname; void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Window win; unsigned int width, height; /* Window size */ int x, y; /* Window position */ unsigned int border_width = 4; /* Four pixels */ unsigned int display_width, display_height; unsigned int icon_width, icon_height; char *window_name = "Basic Window Program"; char *icon_name = "basicwin"; Pixmap icon_pixmap; XSizeHints *size_hints; XIconSize *size_list; XWMHints *wm_hints; XClassHint *class_hints; XTextProperty windowName, iconName; int count; XEvent report; GC gc; XFontStruct *font_info; char *display_name = NULL; int window_size = 0; /* BIG_ENOUGH or TOO_SMALL to * display contents */ progname = argv[0]; if (!(size_hints = XAllocSizeHints())) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: failure allocating memory\n", progname); exit(0); } if (!(wm_hints = XAllocWMHints())) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: failure allocating memory\n", progname); exit(0); } if (!(class_hints = (XClassHint *)XAllocClassHint())) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: failure allocating memory\n", progname); exit(0); } /* Connect to X server */ if ( (display = XOpenDisplay(display_name)) == NULL) { (void)fprintf( stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server %s\n", progname, XDisplayName(display_name) ); exit(-1); } /* Get screen size from display structure macro */ screen_num = DefaultScreen(display); display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num); display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num); /* Note that in a real application, x and y would default * to 0 but would be settable from the command line or * resource database */ x = y = 0; /* Size window with enough room for text */ width = display_width/3; height = display_height/4; /* Create opaque window */ win = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, RootWindow(display, screen_num), x, y, width, height, border_width, BlackPixel(display, screen_num), WhitePixel(display, screen_num)); /* Get available icon sizes from window manager */ if (XGetIconSizes(display, RootWindow(display, screen_num), &size_list, &count) == 0) (void)fprintf( stderr, "%s: Window manager didn't set icon sizes - using default.\n", progname); else { ; /* A real application would search through size_list * here to find an acceptable icon size and then * create a pixmap of that size; this requires that * the application have data for several sizes of icons */ } /* Create pixmap of depth 1 (bitmap) for the icon */ icon_pixmap = XCreateBitmapFromData( display, win, icon_bitmap_bits, icon_bitmap_width, icon_bitmap_height); /* Set size hints for window manager; the window manager * may override these settings */ /* Note that in a real application, if size or position * were set by the user, the flags would be USPosition * USSize and these would override the window manager's * preferences for this window */ /* x, y, width, and height hints are now taken from * the actual settings of the window when mapped; note * that PPosition and PSize must be specified anyway. */ size_hints->flags = PPosition | PSize | PMinSize; size_hints->min_width = 300; size_hints->min_height = 200; /* These calls store window_name and icon_name into * XTextProperty structures and set their other fields properly */ if (XStringListToTextProperty(&window_name, 1, &windowName) == 0) { (void)fprintf( stderr, "%s: structure allocation for windowName failed.\n", progname); exit(-1); } if (XStringListToTextProperty(&icon_name, 1, &iconName) == 0) { (void)fprintf( stderr, "%s: structure allocation for iconName failed.\n", progname); exit(-1); } wm_hints->initial_state = NormalState; wm_hints->input = True; wm_hints->icon_pixmap = icon_pixmap; wm_hints->flags = StateHint | IconPixmapHint | InputHint; class_hints->res_name = progname; class_hints->res_class = "Basicwin"; XSetWMProperties(display, win, &windowName, &iconName, argv, argc, size_hints, wm_hints, class_hints); /* Select event types wanted */ XSelectInput(display, win, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask | ButtonPressMask | StructureNotifyMask); load_font(&font_info); /* Create GC for text and drawing */ getGC(win, &gc, font_info); /* Display window */ XMapWindow(display, win); /* Get events, use first to display text and graphics */ while (1) { XNextEvent(display, &report); switch (report.type) { case Expose: /* Unless this is the last contiguous expose, * don't draw the window. */ if (report.xexpose.count != 0) break; /* If window too small to use */ if ( window_size == TOO_SMALL) TooSmall(win, gc, font_info); else { /* Place text in window */ place_text(win, gc, font_info, width, height); /* Place graphics in window */ place_graphics(win, gc, width, height); } break; case ConfigureNotify: /* Window has been resized; change width * and height to send to place_text and * place_graphics in next Expose */ width = report.xconfigure.width; height = report.xconfigure.height; if ((width < size_hints->min_width) || (height < size_hints->min_height)) window_size = TOO_SMALL; else window_size = BIG_ENOUGH; break; case ButtonPress: /* Trickle down into KeyPress (no break) */ case KeyPress: XUnloadFont(display, font_info->fid); XFreeGC(display, gc); XCloseDisplay(display); exit(1); default: /* All events selected by StructureNotifyMask * except ConfigureNotify are thrown away here, * since nothing is done with them */ break; } /* End switch */ } /* End while(1) */ } getGC(Window win, GC *gc, XFontStruct *font_info) { unsigned long valuemask = 0; /* Ignore XGCvalues and use defaults */ XGCValues values; unsigned int line_width = 6; int line_style = LineOnOffDash; int cap_style = CapRound; int join_style = JoinRound; int dash_offset = 0; static char dash_list[] = {12, 24}; int list_length = 2; /* Create default Graphics Context */ *gc = XCreateGC(display, win, valuemask, &values); /* Specify font */ XSetFont(display, *gc, font_info->fid); /* Specify black foreground since default widow background * is white and default foreground is undefined */ XSetForeground(display, *gc, BlackPixel(display, screen_num)); /* Set line attributes */ XSetLineAttributes(display, *gc, line_width, line_style, cap_style, join_style); /* Set dashes */ XSetDashes(display, *gc, dash_offset, dash_list, list_length); } load_font(XFontStruct ** font_info) { char *fontname = "9x15"; /* Load font and get font information structure */ if ((*font_info = XLoadQueryFont(display, fontname)) == NULL) { (void)fprintf( stderr, "%s: Cannot open 9x15 font.\n", progname); exit(-1); } } place_text( Window win, GC gc, XFontStruct *font_info, unsigned int win_width, unsigned int win_height) { char *string1 = "Hi! I'm a window, who are you?"; char *string2 = "To terminate program, press any key"; char *string3 = "or button while in this window."; char *string4 = "Screen Dimensions:"; int len1, len2, len3, len4; int width1, width2, width3; char cd_height[50], cd_width[50], cd_depth[50]; int font_height; int initial_y_offset, x_offset; /* Need length for both XTextWidth and XDrawString */ len1 = strlen(string1); len2 = strlen(string2); len3 = strlen(string3); /* Get string widths for centering */ width1 = XTextWidth(font_info, string1, len1); width2 = XTextWidth(font_info, string2, len2); width3 = XTextWidth(font_info, string3, len3); font_height = font_info->ascent + font_info->descent; /* Output text, centered on each line */ XDrawString(display, win, gc, (win_width - width1)/2, font_height, string1, len1); XDrawString(display, win, gc, (win_width - width2)/2, (int)(win_height - (2 * font_height)), string2, len2); XDrawString(display, win, gc, (win_width - width3)/2, (int)(win_height - font_height), string3, len3); /* Copy numbers into string variables */ (void)sprintf(cd_height, " Height - %d pixels", DisplayHeight(display, screen_num)); (void)sprintf(cd_width, " Width - %d pixels", DisplayWidth(display, screen_num)); (void)sprintf(cd_depth, " Depth - %d plane(s)", DefaultDepth(display, screen_num)); /* Reuse these for same purpose */ len4 = strlen(string4); len1 = strlen(cd_height); len2 = strlen(cd_width); len3 = strlen(cd_depth); /* To center strings vertically, we place the first string * so that the top of it is two font_heights above the center * of the window; since the baseline of the string is what * we need to locate for XDrawString and the baseline is * one font_info->ascent below the top of the character, * the final offset of the origin up from the center of * the window is on font_height + one descent */ initial_y_offset = win_height/2 - font_height - font_info->descent; x_offset = (int)win_width/4; XDrawString(display, win, gc, x_offset, (int)initial_y_offset, string4, len4); XDrawString(display, win, gc, x_offset, (int)initial_y_offset + font_height, cd_height, len1); XDrawString(display, win, gc, x_offset, (int)initial_y_offset + 2 * font_height, cd_width, len2); XDrawString(display, win, gc, x_offset, (int)initial_y_offset + 3 * font_height, cd_depth, len3); } place_graphics( Window win, GC gc, unsigned int window_width, unsigned int window_height) { int x, y; int width, height; height = window_height/2; width = 3 * window_width/4; x = window_width/2 - width/2; /* Center */ y = window_height/2 - height/2; XDrawRectangle(display, win, gc, x, y, width, height); } TooSmall( Window win, GC gc, XFontStruct *font_info) { char *string1 = "Too Small"; int y_offset, x_offset; y_offset = font_info->ascent + 2; x_offset = 2; /* Output text, centered on each line */ XDrawString(display, win, gc, x_offset, y_offset, string1, strlen(string1)); }